Bailey (c) 2017 Introduction In a related article on geologic ages, we presented a chart with the various geologic eras and their ages.Creation Versus Evolution: We compare the theory of evolution with the Bible Carbon- 1. 4 Dating Technique Does Not Work! They want to know if it is accurate or if it. Worse still, sometimes they want to know how evolutionists use. Carbon- 1. 4 to date dinosaur fossils! The word radiometric as used in this article. Radiometric Dating Technologies are presented to the. There are more than 8. Carbon- 1. 4 is the best known of all these methods. Prior to looking at the many flaws in the. Carbon- 1. 4 Dating Technique, it should be noted that no radiometric technique is. They all start with similar flaws, but Carbon- 1. Many different processes of change may be. The time units must be meaningful and. The timer must be sensitive enough to. We must know when the timer was started. For some reason, which I have not yet figured out, at least one person per week has been asking me about the Carbon-14 Radiometric Dating Technique. After being taken down twice by Blogger within a single week, we got the message: It. Gates of Vienna has moved to a new address. Radioactive Dating of Minerals. Absolute age dating is based upon the decay of radioactive (unstable) isotopes. At the blocking temperature, the radioactive parent. Radiocarbon dating (also referred to as carbon dating or carbon-14 dating) is a method for determining the age of an object containing organic material by using the. A response by a scientist with a Christian point of view to the young earth criticism of radiometric dating. Australia: First 4 Billion Years. One of the strangest landscapes on Earth reveals our planet's complex history. Airing July 16, 2014 at 9 pm on PBS. Geologists such as Charles Lyell had trouble accepting such a short age for Earth. For biologists, even 100 million years seemed much too short to be plausible. The purpose of this article is to describe our current understanding of where, how, when, and why natural diamonds have been formed. This article reviews currently. The timer. must run at a uniform rate. The timer. must not have been disturbed or reset. It must be one continuous event. None of. the known Radiometric Dating Technologies met these six criteria. The Carbon- 1. 4. Dr. Libby (1. 90. University of Chicago in 1. He claimed that it was capable of dating animal. Recent, that is, for an. Carbon- 1. 4 is a radioactive isotope of Carbon. Carbon- 1. 2 is the. Carbon (9. 9% of all Carbon), which is the basic. As they say on Star Trek, we are all carbon. Laboratory research has shown. Carbon- 1. 4 occurs in a half- life of 5,7. Then, in another 5,7. The. process would continue, halving the amount left every 5,7. Carbon- 1. 4 is. produced in the upper atmosphere through the bombardment of Nitrogen- 1. The Carbon- 1. 4. Carbon- 1. 2 becomes carbon dioxide. The Carbon- 1. 4 Dioxide is then utilized by. Animals and humans who eat these plants. Carbon- 1. 4 into their systems just as they would Carbon- 1. Dioxide. Evolutionists then claim to determine the amount of time since the. The lower the amount of. Carbon- 1. 4, the longer it has been since death occurred. The theoretical. limit of the usefulness of Carbon- 1. This. would be the amount of time it would take for nine half- lives, and after that. There is no instrument on earth that can detect Carbon- 1. This amounts to a calculated age of 1. There are, however, many. Carbon- 1. 4 dates and the. First, one must. assume that the decay rate of Carbon- 1. This is an unwarranted assumption. Experiments. done with the radioactive isotopes of Uranium- 2. Iron- 5. 7 have shown that. Second,there is the assumption that the formation of Carbon- 1. This, too, is a totally unwarranted. The Industrial Revolution caused a significant. Carbon- 1. 2 in the atmosphere through the burning of. In addition, the initiation of atomic bomb testing on July 1. Carbon- 1. 4 concentrations around the. In a similar way, solar cosmic radiation fluctuates and would cause a. Carbon- 1. 4 being produced at any one time. Volcanoes produce large amounts of Carbon- 1. Dioxide which do not contain. Carbon- 1. 4. This material from volcanic origin further. Carbon- 1. 2/Carbon- 1. Finally, the. decay of the earth’s magnetic field is an ongoing process. As the magnetic. field decreases, more cosmic radiation penetrates the earth’s atmosphere and. Carbon- 1. 4 production. These factors. combine to cause fluctuations in the Carbon- 1. Carbon- 1. 4 ratios found in plant. Third. the assumption is made that the concentrations of Carbon- 1. Carbon- 1. 2 have. Besides the aforementioned items. If one were to. believe the Bible, the earth was surrounded by a layer of water vapor between. Creation and the Flood. If this water vapor did exist in the past, then it. This shielding would have drastically reduced the amount of. Carbon- 1. 4 produced. Fourth. all radiometric dating techniques assume that the initial conditions started in. Closed System” condition. Yet, the concept of. Closed System” is merely a laboratory ideal which is never truly achieved. In. high school biology courses they often teach about the inevitable failures of. The. idea is that snails produce carbon dioxide which is utilized by the plants, the. In theory the cycle will. Of course, it doesn’t take long before the experiment. In. like manner, there is really no such thing as a closed system in nature. Thus, this assumption is false. Fifth. Carbon- 1. C- 1. 4 production. As. the production of Carbon- 1. Carbon- 1. 4 production. Sixth. there are differences in the Phenotype and Genotype of plants and animals which. C- 1. 4 found in the body of a. As no two people have exactly the same DNA. These. variations cause individual organisms to absorb or reject Carbon- 1. Seventh. the amount of Carbon- 1. A substantial body of scientific research exists to show. Carbon- 1. 4 is not in a state of equilibrium; rather the production rate is. This. fact drives us to two highly significant points. First, the earth must be. Second, any previously published radiocarbon dates must. Thus, while the Carbon- 1. Dating Technique is thought to have a useful upper limit reaching out to 5. Carbon- 1. 4 decays to a zero amount in 2. It is incapable of yielding dates in the millions. Therefore, it is labeled a short term radiometric dating technique. This is not the end, but merely. Carbon- 1. 4 method. What are the other considerations. Carbon- 1. 4 method and which demonstrate that it. Wood and stone. from one structure may have been moved and reused in a later structure in a. This was a common practice in. As one nation conquered another nation; the stone, wood and. For. example, when the Muslims gained control of the Temple Mount in Jerusalem in AD. Mosque of Omar (The Dome of the Rock) in AD 6. The architecture of the dome was. Christian Church of the Holy Sepulchre and marble columns were. Byzantine churches to construct the building.“Outliers”. Those who promote the use of the. Carbon- 1. 4 method fail to tell those outside their inner circle that any dates. Thus the. published dates often fail to show the true range of dates obtained and this. Carbon- 1. 4 method.“Calibration”. Carbon- 1. 4 years differ from calendar years because they are dependent on. Carbon- 1. 4 in the atmosphere. Tree- ring dendrochronology is used to supposedly convert Carbon- 1. The curves are, however, constantly being revised and. Standard. Deviation”: Carbon- 1. Regardless of whether the method works. Thus. the older a sample is the wider the uncertainty of the date. For dates that. supposedly go back to ancient Egypt, these ranges might reach plus or minus 3. We have written records. Statistics. Different statistical models are used by different researchers. Just as different researchers use different. These choices. serve to further complicate the various dating methods. Most. archaeologists “improve” the dates in accordance with their preconceived. This is common practice. No. scientist is 1. All people start from their preconceived biases and. Therefore, it is easy to rationalize the “adjustment” necessary to. The fact is that for evolutionists science is no longer a search. Old”. carbon may have been “reused” over time. As stone and wood are. This will cause a false Carbon- 1. This process might occur more than once. If wood from an old barn is used as an. Animals. and plants that died in The Flood of Noah would have lower initial Carbon- 1. The. water vapor canopy that existed from Creation to The Flood would have inhibited. Carbon- 1. 4 production in the atmosphere. This would have reduced the amount of. Carbon- 1. 4 incorporated into the bodies of plants and animals prior to The Flood. The Flood would appear. There would be a lower Carbon- 1. The Flood because of a larger biomass exchanging gases. This biomass was larger than all the. There. may have been less Carbon- 1. The Flood of Noah. We may extrapolate. This would have prevented some or much of. Carbon- 1. 4. generation. No one knows the exact amount of Carbon- 1. It is reasonable to consider that there have been none. The bias of the. evolutionist interpreter of the Carbon- 1. The. Carbon- 1. 4 method suffers from additional problems when evolutionists attempt to. Dendrochronology! The. Carbon- 1. 4 dating method is known to have flaws which cause an uneven. In order to attempt to “calibrate” for the deviation of dates. Carbon- 1. 4 method, evolutionary believing scientists attempt to. Dendrochronology (the study of tree ring. This attempt to calibrate Carbon- 1. First, differences in tree age; local growth. Second, there are. Carbon- 1. 4 dates to “align” the chronologies of specimens renders calibration. Dendrochronology useless. The amount of Carbon- 1. This is a critical piece of. Carbon- 1. 4 dating. Radiocarbon is forming 2. R. E. Taylor et al., “Major. Revisions in the Pleistocene Age Assignments for North American Human Skeletons. C- 1. 4 Accelerator Mass Spectrometry,” American Antiquity, Vol. It now appears that the C- 1. William D. Stansfield, Science of. Evolution (New York: Macmillan Publishing Co., 1. We now know that the assumption. Carbon- 1. 4 has remained constant over the past. Elizabeth K. Please consider the following list of examples of. Carbon- 1. 4 dates which demonstrate just how far off Carbon- 1. Shells from living snails were. Science vol. 6. 34- 6. Shells from living snails were. Science Vol. Mortar from an English castle. Carbon- 1. 4 dated as 7,3. A. block of wood from the Cretaceous Period (supposedly more than 7. Cambrian rock (hundreds of millions of. Carbon- 1. 4 dated as 4,0. Paul Island, Alaska, were Carbon- 1. BC! Enk. J. M., Yesner, D. R., Crossen, K. J., Veltre, D. W., and O’Rourke, D. H.. Phylogeographic analysis of the mid- Holocene mammoth from Qagnax Cave, St. Paul. Island, Alaska, Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. Mammoth. bones on Wrangel Island off the NE Siberian coast were dated using Carbon- 1. The dates were challenged. Vertanyan. A. V., Garutt, V. E. Bone collagen. The results: Triceratops. Hadrosaur. 2. 3,1. Miller. Hugh. Blanco News, Sept- Oct, 2. Supposedly. 1. 8 million year old Magnolia leaves from Idaho shale were carbon dated in 2. In one study of eleven sets of ancient human. R. E. Taylor “Major Revisions In the. Pleistocene Age Assignments for North American Human Skeletons by C- 1. Accelerator Mass Spectrometry”, American Antiquity, Vo. Fairbanks Creek mammoth had a radiocarbon age of 1. CHAPTER 7 - DATING METHODS Part 1. Evolution. Encyclopedia Vol. CHAPTER 7 - DATING METHODS. PART 1. To change from a human being to a cloud may seem a big. An event is not any more intrinsically intelligible or. For a man who does. Perhaps we are now in a. Presently, nature appears to be. Several methods for dating ancient materials have. This is an important topic, for evolutionists want the. Therefore we shall devote an entire chapter to a. Yes, an understanding of dating methods is. Long ages is not evolution! Evolution can only occur by a sequence of. Second. generation of living organisms from non- living matter, or origin of. This will be covered in the chapters, Primitive Environment. DNA (chapter 1. 0). Third, evolution of. This is species evolution, and will be discussed in. Fossils (chapter 1. Ancient Man (chapter. Natural Selection (chapter 1. Mutations. (chapter 1. Species. Evolution (chapter 1. THE FACTOR OF TIMEMAGICAL TIME Yet it is thought that time can. The. evolutionist tells us that, given enough time, all the insurmountable. In the next three chapters, we will learn that. It could not produce life. There is little difference between the. God. did it.' Time and chance is a two- headed deity. Much scientific. effort has been expended in an attempt to show that eons of time are. Just what is time? It is not some magical. It is merely a lot of past moments just like the present. Imagine yourself staring at a dirt pile or at some seawater. Would life appear in that dirt or seawater? It would not. happen. Millions of years beyond that would be the same. Nothing would. be particularly different. Just piled sand or sloshing seawater, and. You and I know it would not happen in a full year. It surely is not scientific. There is. no evidence that self- originating life or evolving life is happening. For additional information see quotation. This is because probabilities have no memory! But *Wald goes farther. He explains that if the. If it is tried a thousand times and does not even. If it is tried a. The point. here is that time never works in favor of an event that cannot happen! Can time change rocks into raccoons, seawater into. Can time invent human hormones, the. Can it. increase complexity, and invent organisms? The truth is that the. Bernal, of Mc. Gill University, explains the. Bernal. quoted in N. J. Berrill, You and the Universe (1. In contrast, two of England's leading evolutionary. Hoyle and Wickramasinghe, working independently of each. Bernal's: The chance of life. Wickramasinghe, Evolution from Space.). One of these researchers is an agnostic and the other a Buddhist, yet. God to have created it. It is, therefore, almost. THEORY TIME Evolutionary. Man, we are informed, has been here over a million. That is the theory, yet the facts speak far differently. When we. look at those facts, as available from ancient studies of all types, we. Before. that time, we have absolutely no verification for any supposed dating. If human. beings have been on this planet for over a million years, as theorized. FLAWED DATING METHODS Evolutionists. Aside from the known inherent weaknesses in. Not even uranium dating can. Apart from recorded history, which goes back no. B. C., we have no way of verifying the. In fact, not even. They ALL give different. With but very rare exception, they always disagree with one. There are a number of very definite problems in. We are going to learn below that there are so. But this is not true either. The geologic column and. There is. no relation between the two theories, or between the dates they produce. Evolution could not occur in the past unless the. But there is clear- cut evidence that. Age of the. Earth). And when all the facts are studied, the age of the earth. Scientific dating evidence is needed to prove long. But no such evidence exists. All the non- historical dating. That is what we will learn in this present. Fossils and Strata. Darwinists claim that our planet is 5 billion. Long ages of time are desperately needed by evolutionary. The chapters, DNA and Probabilities, Mutations, and Laws of. Nature will clearly show that life origins and species evolution could. First, long ages of time cannot PROVE evolution. PRODUCE evolution. Chief among them are: Uranium- thorium- lead dating. Rubidium- strontium dating, based on the. Potassium- argon dating, based on. In this chapter, we shall discuss the strengths. There is a basic pattern that occurs in the decay. In each of these disintegration systems, the. Sometimes, the radioactive chain may begin with an element. We will also discuss radiocarbon dating in this chapter. SEVEN INITIAL ASSUMPTIONS At. IF (if!). certain assumptions ALWAYS (always!) apply to each specimen that is. Here are seven of these fragile assumptions: (1) Each system has to be a closed system, that is. Ideally, in order to do this, each specimen tested needs. But in actual field conditions, there is no such. One piece of rock cannot for millions of. Each system must initially have contained. A piece of uranium 2. If it did. this would give a false date reading. But this assumption can in no way be confirmed. It. is impossible to know what was initially in a given piece of radioactive. Was it all of this particular radioactive substance, or were. We do not. know; we cannot know. Men can guess, they can apply their. The rock may have been placed there at Creation. But there are also other. The process rate must always have been the. The decay rate must never have. Yet we have no way of going back into past ages. Every process in nature operates at a rate that is determined. These factors can change or vary with a. Rates are really statistical averages. The most fundamental of the initial assumptions is. But it is a known fact among scientists that. Laboratory testing has. Field. evidence reveals that decay rates have indeed varied in the past. The decay rate of any radioactive mineral can be. One researcher, *John Joly of Trinity College. Dublin, spent years studying pleochroic halos emitted by radioactive. In his research he found evidence that. This problem of variation in decay rates is. Any one of the four decay- rate factors mentioned above. Joly found in radioactive halos. But there is more: (5) If any change occurred in past ages in the. Cosmic rays, high- energy mesons, neutrons. These are atomic particles traveling at. Some of these rays go. The blanket of air covering our world is. If at some earlier time this blanket was more. Prior to the time of the Flood, there was a much greater. Arnold, Nuclear. Geology (1. The Van Allen radiation belt encircles the. It is about 4. 50 miles (7. According to *Van Allen, high- altitude tests revealed that. Any change in the Van Allen belt would powerfully. In fact, the belt was only. Even small amounts of variation or change in the Van. Allen belt would significantly affect radioactive substances.(7) A basic assumption of all radioactive. It is. assumed that no daughter products were present; only those elements at. For example, all the uranium 2. But if either Creation- -or a major world- wide. Flood) occurred, everything would begin. Spread before. us would be a scene of fully grown plants and flowers. Most trees would. We would not, instead, see a barren landscape of. We would see full- grown chickens, not. Radioactive minerals would be partially through their. This factor of initial. We already know from Robert. Gentry's studies that original (primordial) polonium was in the granite. Here are. nineteen of them: (1) Uranium- Lead. Thorium- lead. dating.(3) Lead 2. Helium. Rubidium- strontium dating.(6) Potassium- argon dating.(7). Potassium- calcium dating.(8) Rock strata dating, as it relates to. Fossils and Strata and. Effects of the Flood). In addition, there are four dating methods used. Radiocarbon. (carbon 1. Amino acid. decomposition dating.(1. Racemization. dating. Lastly, we will briefly overview several other. Because this present chapter is already. Varve dating.(1. 5) Tree ring dating.(1. Buried forest strata dating.(1. Peat dating.(1. 8) Thermoluminescence dating.(1. Stalactite dating. URANIUM DATING Because. Three main types of dating are included here: (1) Uranium 2. Uranium 2. 35 decays to lead 2. Thorium 2. 32 decays to lead 2. These three are generally found together in. RADIOISOTOPE CHARTSIn theory, the charts below look impressive. The real world would have greatly altered. Here are 1. 2 factors which. No contamination could have been. No daughter products could initially be. The decay rate could never change. The Van Allen radiation belt must never. The decay clock within each radioactive. Creation would have. No end products could originally be. No leaching of radioactive substances. No neutron capture could have occurred. According to the theory, the earth was. If that were true, then radical resetting of. The daughter products must be measured. Laboratory analysis of each specimen. All specimen test results should agree. The dates obtained greatly conflict with one another. THEORETICAL HALF LIVES OF RADIOISOTOPE. GEOCHRONOMETERSHere are the half lives of the primary. ISOTOPE HALF- LIFEPotassium 4. Potassium 4. 0 (decay to argon 4. Potassium 4. 0. (combined decay) 1. Rubidium 8. 7. 4. Rhenium 1. 87. 4. Samarium 1. 47. 1. Thorium 2. 32. 1. Uranium 2. 35. 0. Uranium 2. 38 4. 4. THEORETICAL HALF LIVES OF TRANSITION. ISOTOPESHere are the half lives of the principal. Each of these substances could begin their own chain, if. This list. only includes radioisotopes with the longest half lives (half. ISOTOPE HALF- LIFEUranium 2. Samarium 1. 46. 10. Plutonium 2. 44 8. Niobium 9. 2. 3. 3 million years (3. Uranium 2. 36 2. 3. Iodine 1. 29 1. 5. Curium 2. 47 1. 5. Lead 2. 05 1. 4 million years (1. Hafnium 1. 82 9 million years (9,0. Palladium 1. 07 6. Manganese 5. 3 3. Technetium 9. 7 2. Cesium 1. 35 2. 3 million years (2,3. Neptunium 2. 37 2. Gadolinium 1. 50 1. Beryllium 1. 0 1. Technetium 9. 8 1. Neptunium 2. 36 1. Zirconium 9. 3 0. Dysprosium 1. 5A1 million years (1,0. Aluminum 2. 6. 0. FIVE RADIOMETRIC DATING INACCURACIES Here. Lead could originally have been mixed in. This is very possible, and even likely.
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